Joseph, W. J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-5121
Cuccolo, N. G.
Baron, M. E.
Chow, I.
Beers, E. H.
Article History
Received: 21 June 2019
Accepted: 2 September 2019
First Online: 18 September 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: None of the authors have a financial interest in any of the products, devices, drugs, or procedures mentioned in this manuscript.
: The patient information in this study is de-identified and available to all institutions complying with the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Data Use Agreement.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: For this retrospective review, formal consent is not required.