Kudsi, O. Y. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6723-0909
Gokcal, F. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-7991
Chang, K. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-2911
Article History
Received: 9 July 2019
Accepted: 1 December 2019
First Online: 16 December 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Drs. Gokcal and Chang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Dr. Kudsi has received a teaching course and/or consultancy fees from Intuitive Surgical, Bard-Davol and W.L. Gore outside the submitted work.
: The database used for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.