Lee, Y.
Tessier, L.
Jong, A.
Zhao, D.
Samarasinghe, Y.
Doumouras, A.
Saleh, F.
Hong, D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-4400
Article History
Received: 26 October 2022
Accepted: 5 January 2023
First Online: 16 January 2023
Declarations
:
: Nothing to disclose.
: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval was given by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HiREB).
: This research was based on data derived from medical records and thus included human participants. As such, it complied to all ethical standards.
: The data used in this study was taken from the National Inpatient Sample database. As this repository only supplies deindentified data, informed consent could not be obtained.