Khamar, J.
McKechnie, T.
Hatamnejad, A.
Lee, Y.
Huo, B.
Passos, E.
Sne, N.
Eskicioglu, C.
Hong, D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-4400
Article History
Received: 10 August 2023
Accepted: 8 December 2023
First Online: 5 January 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors have no financial or non-financial competing interests to declare. Mr. Khamar, Dr. McKechnie, Mr. Hatamnejad, Dr. Lee, Dr. Huo, Dr. Passos, Dr. Sne, Dr. Eskicioglu, and Dr. Hong declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This is an observational study and ethics approval was not required as patient identifiers were not obtained from the NIS. Confirmed by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board.
: This research was based on data derived from medical records and thus included human participants. As such, it complied to all ethical standards.
: The data used in this study was taken from the National Inpatient Sample database. As this repository only supplies deindentified data, informed consent could not be obtained.
: Not applicable as the NIS utilizes anonymous, cumulative data.