Zanoli, Anna http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-5617
Raimondi, Teresa http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-1835
De Gregorio, Chiara http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-6181
Valente, Daria http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6086-5135
Carugati, Filippo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-5787
Torti, Valeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6908-1203
Friard, Olivier http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-9872
Miaretsoa, Longondraza http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-0982
Giacoma, Cristina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-7723
Gamba, Marco http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9545-2242
Article History
Received: 22 December 2022
Revised: 14 September 2023
Accepted: 19 September 2023
First Online: 4 October 2023
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors collected the data under the research permits issued each year by the Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (MEDD) and Madagascar National Parks (formerly ANGAP): [2010 (N◦ 118/10/MEF/SG/DGF/DCB.SAP/SCBSE and No 293/10/MEF/SG/DGF/DCB.SAP/SCB), 2011 (No 274/11/MEF/SG/DGF/DCB.SAP/SCB), 2012 (No 245/12/MEF/SG/DGF/DCB.SAP/SCB), 2014 (No 066/14/MEF/SG/DGF/DCB.SAP/SCB), 2015 (No 180/15/MEEMF/SG/DGF/DAPT/SCBT), 2016 (No 98/16/MEEMF/SG/DGF/DAPT/SCB.Re and No 217/16/MEEMF/SG/DGF/DSAP/SCB.Re)], 2017 (73/17/MEEF/SG/DGF/DSAP/SCB.RE). 2018: 91/18/MEEF/SG/DGF/DSAP/SCB.Re; 2019: 118/19/MEDD/SG/DGEF/DSAP/DGRNE and 284/19/MEDD/SG/DGEF/DSAP/DGRNE; 2019/2020: 338/19/MEDD/SG/DGEF/DSAP/DGRNE]. Data collection did not require a permit for 2013, because it has been performed by Malagasy citizens only. The non-invasive methods used for data collections of wild indris adhere to the The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction. Field data collection protocols were reviewed and approved by Madagascar’s Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Ecologie et des Forêts. GERP (Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar) also approved field data collection protocols, the association governing research in the Maromizaha New Protected Area.