Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20J00383)
Article History
Received: 14 November 2021
Accepted: 27 June 2022
First Online: 1 August 2022
Declarations
:
: We declare that we have no competing interests.
: The beetle (<i>T. castaneum</i>) used in this study are invertebrates and, therefore, have not been subjected to animal ethics review. The study was conducted in a manner that avoided or minimized discomfort or distress to the laboratory animals, and efforts were made to ensure that the animals did not suffer unnecessarily at any stage of the experiment. The laboratory population of <i>T. castaneum</i> used in this study have maintained at Okayama University. This population has been maintained on whole meal flour with yeast. We reared this population at 25 °C, which resemble natural conditions for this insect. All animals in the study were handled carefully.