Motoyama, Satoru http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-2563
Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
Miyata, Hiroaki
Yano, Masahiko
Yasuda, Takushi
Ohira, Masaichi
Kajiyama, Yoshiaki
Toh, Yasushi
Watanabe, Masayuki
Kakeji, Yoshihiro
Seto, Yasuyuki
Doki, Yuichiro
Matsubara, Hisahiro
Article History
Received: 28 May 2019
Accepted: 5 September 2019
First Online: 3 October 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The use of data from the registry for retrospective observational studies was approved by JSGS and JES. This study was approved by the institutional ethics board of Akita University Graduate School of Medicine (No. 1919).
: There are no financial or other relations that could lead to a conflict of interest regarding this study. Hiroyuki Yamamoto and Hiroaki Miyata are affiliated with the Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment at the University of Tokyo. The department is a social collaboration department supported by grants from the National Clinical Database, Johnson & Johnson K.K., and Nipro Co.