Funding for this research was provided by:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
The Institute of Physics, London
Article History
Received: 3 April 2018
Accepted: 21 February 2019
First Online: 15 March 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: Ethical approval for the research was sought and obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the UK Open University and from the Ministry of Education in each country. In addition, written informed consent was sought from the head teachers of each school and the science/physics teachers who were to be participants in the study. All participants were reassured that there was no personal risk associated with participation, and that they would be free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Their views would be anonymised.