Article History
Received: 8 August 2018
Accepted: 26 September 2018
First Online: 4 October 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Nihon University School of Medicine.
: Before surgery, informed consent was obtained from each patient following an explanation of the vitrectomy procedures and potential adverse effects of the procedure. For the retrospective study, formal consent is not required.