Ismail, Ismayadi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-4462
Azis, Raba’ah Syahidah
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia (9689000)
Article History
Received: 24 October 2023
Accepted: 18 February 2024
First Online: 19 March 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: We confirm that the manuscript adheres to the ethical standards of academic research. The research presented in this manuscript is original work that has not been previously published, and it is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. The authors have conducted the research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner, and all significant contributions of co-authors and co-researchers have been properly credited. The results have been placed in the appropriate context of prior and existing research, and all sources used have been properly disclosed through correct citation. The authors of this manuscript have been personally and actively involved in substantial work leading to the paper and will take public responsibility for its content. The authors recognize the importance of research ethics and have followed the ethical guidelines to ensure that the research is conducted with the highest level of integrity and accountability. Therefore, the authors affirm that this manuscript meets the ethical standards required for academic research.