Funding for this research was provided by:
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/J500057/1, ES/R005516/1)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD068437)
Article History
First Online: 1 August 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: Alan J. Meehan, Barbara Maughan, and Edward D. Barker declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: As reported in the text, ethical approval for the original cohort study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and Local Research Ethics Committees. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of these institutional and national research committees, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.