Fanniff, Amanda M.
Schubert, Carol A.
Mulvey, Edward P.
Iselin, Anne-Marie R.
Piquero, Alex R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
National Institute of Justice
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
William T. Grant Foundation
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
William Penn Foundation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA019697)
Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency
Arizona Governor's Justice Commission
Article History
Received: 13 June 2016
Accepted: 22 June 2016
First Online: 12 July 2016
Conflict of interest
: The authors report no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Parent/guardians and participants provided informed consent/assent prior to participation.