Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32 DA017629)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50 DA039838)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (L40 DA044702)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31 DA039603)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD052533)
Article History
Received: 22 October 2018
Accepted: 6 February 2019
First Online: 18 February 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This work was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Cincinnati Children’s hospital and the Pennsylvania State University.
: Caregivers were enrolled to provide consent for adolescents and to report on adolescent behavior. Adolescents provided assent and completed paper and pencil questionnaires, a laboratory experiment, semi-structured guided interviews, and computer administered questionnaires regarding sensitive content including sexual activities to maximize anonymity.