Albarello, Flavia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-9161
Manganelli, Sara http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7295
Cavicchiolo, Elisa http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-2737
Lucidi, Fabio http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-9566
Chirico, Andrea http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-1926
Alivernini, Fabio http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-9374
Article History
Received: 24 June 2022
Accepted: 7 November 2022
First Online: 29 December 2022
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study gained prior approval from the IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) and from INVALSI (Italian National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all the participating schools.