Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pujiang Program (22PJC057, 22PJC057, 22PJC057)
Academy of Finland (298323)
China Scholarship Council (2023)
Article History
Received: 28 July 2023
Accepted: 14 December 2023
First Online: 6 January 2024
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The present study is based on secondary data analysis of publicly available data, the study is exempt from ethical consent considerations.
: Participation was voluntary, and informed consent forms were collected from both the students and their parents by OECD SSES project.