Rubessa, Marcello
Lotti, Samantha N.
Kandel, Mikhail E.
Popescu, Gabriel
Wheeler, Mathew B. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-357X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Multi-State W3171-ILLU-538-347)
Article History
Received: 5 September 2018
Accepted: 23 November 2018
First Online: 11 December 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors (M.R., S.N.L., M.E.K. and M.B.W.) declare that they have no conflict of interest. G.P. has financial interest in Phi Optics, Inc., a company developing quantitative phase imaging technology for materials and life science applications.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. We did not used any live animals for these studies. The frozen semen used was from a commercial semen vendor. We purchased the semen used it these studies and had no contact with the bulls used for the in vitro fertilization. Our University does not require IACUC (animal care and use) protocols when using purchased tissues or abattoir materials. We therefore see no ethics issues with the present study.