Li, Tieshu
Li, Shuling
Xiong, Yin
Li, Xinxin
Ma, Chun
Guan, Zhiying
Yang, Lihua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20200201467JC)
Article History
Received: 23 September 2023
Revised: 12 February 2024
Accepted: 14 February 2024
First Online: 23 March 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: All animal experiments in this study were conducted in accordance with the protocols of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the School of Pharmacy, Jilin University (approval Document No.: 20220036). There are currently no alternatives that mimic the nose-to-brain pathway, which is very complex. The experiments in vitro could not fully disclose the delivery efficiency and safety assessment of the formulation in vivo. A total of 120 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (12 weeks old) with body weights between 300 to 320 g were housed at a temperature of 22 ± 2℃, a relative humidity of 50 ± 2%, and a 12-h dark light cycle. All the experimental rats took food and drank water as they pleased. In order to minimize rats suffering, the invasive surgeries on rats were performed under anesthesia (intraperitoneal injections with 3% sodium pentobarbital (1.5 mL/kg)). In addition, invasive operations were performed by skilled technicians in order to speed up operations and reduce the size of the surgical area for rats, which maximized the survival rate of rats and reduced the number of rats in the experiments. At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and then euthanized in a thermostatically controlled dark box filled with 70% CO<sub>2</sub>. The study has adhered to the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines.