Jarvis, Shoshana N. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-3555
Nguyen, Christine Q.
Zhu, Minwan
Ebersole, Charles R.
Kray, Laura J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DGE 1752814)
Article History
Accepted: 30 May 2023
First Online: 6 November 2023
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The research activities in this paper were approved by the University of Virginia Institutional Review Board: Protocol Number 3521. Informed consent was not collected because the behaviors were considered public, and the IRB did not deem consent to be necessary.
: The researchers do not have any of conflicts of interests to disclose.
: All researchers on the research team are cis-gender women and men. Our backgrounds may have impacted the study's guiding questions by influencing what types of dynamics we would notice in conference settings, and the methodological approach by relying upon a structure that treats gender as a binary for evaluative purposes. While the primary authorship team did not directly evaluate gender, gender was inferred by research assistants based on their observations and compared to self-identified pronouns found online. The instructions given to the research assistants were intentionally vague so as not to unduly influence their assessments. That said, the choice to keep the instructions brief could have been influenced by our backgrounds. We expect that the research assistants relied upon unsaid social understandings of what constitutes gender. Unfortunately, background information about the research assistant coders are not available.