Massel, Dustin H.
Mayo, Benjamin C.
Patel, Dil V.
Bohl, Daniel D.
Louie, Philip K.
Lopez, Gregory D.
Singh, Kern http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-7273
Article History
Received: 16 August 2018
Accepted: 6 December 2018
First Online: 22 February 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: Dustin H. Massel, MD, Dil V. Patel, BS, Philip K. Louie, MD, and Gregory D. Lopez, MD, declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Benjamin C. Mayo, MD, and Daniel D. Bohl, MD, MPH, report grants from the Cervical Spine Research Society, outside the submitted work. Kern Singh, MD, reports royalties from Zimmer, Stryker, Pioneer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Thieme, Jaypee Publishing, and Slack Publishing; stock ownership in Avaz Surgical LLC and Vital 5 LLC; board of director membership and a grant from Cervical Spine Research Society; membership on the board of directors of the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Scoliosis Research Society, and Vertebral Column of the ISASS, all outside the submitted work.
: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013.
: Informed consent was waived from all patients for being included in this study.
: Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the online version of this article.