McCarthy, Michael H. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-6366
Weiner, Joseph A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-7764
Patel, Alpesh A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-4294
Article History
Received: 1 August 2019
Accepted: 18 October 2019
First Online: 9 December 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: Michael H. McCarthy, MD, MPH, and Joseph A. Weiner, MD, declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Alpesh A. Patel, MD, FACS, reports royalties from Amedica, Nuvasive, and Zimmer Biomet; stock ownership from Amedica, Nocimed, Vital 5, and Cytonics; personal fees as a consultant from Amedica, Relievant, Pacira, Nuvasive, and Zimmer Biomet; and board of director membership from Cervical Spine Research Society, outside the submitted work.
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: Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the online version of this article.