Lee, Mi Jung
Romero, Sergio
Liu, Ren
Velozo, Craig A.
Gruber-Baldini, Ann L.
Shulman, Lisa M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (1U01AR057967-01)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2019
Accepted: 30 April 2020
First Online: 26 June 2020
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, Grant 1U01AR057967–01, “Development and Validation of a Self–Efficacy Item Bank,” awarded to Lisa Shulman (Principal Investigator) and Ann Gruber-Baldini, Sergio Romero, and Craig Velozo (Co-Investigators). The results and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and are independent from the funding source. The scales and item banks described in this paper are freely available at: ExternalRef removed.
: Mi Jung Lee declares that she has no conflict of interest. Sergio Romero declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ren Liu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Craig Velozo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Ann L. Gruber-Baldini declares that she has no conflict of interest. Lisa M. Shulman declares that she has no conflict of interest.
: This study was approved by the Institutional review boards (IRB) of the Medical University of South Carolina (#Pro00033397), the University of Florida (#261–2010), and the University of Maryland (#HP-000432550). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.