Lowenstein, Margaret
Hossain, Erik
Yang, Wei
Grande, David
Perrone, Jeanmarie
Neuman, Mark D.
Ashburn, Michael
Delgado, M. Kit
Article History
Received: 27 December 2018
Revised: 24 April 2019
Accepted: 25 July 2019
First Online: 10 October 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: The study was approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board.
: Dr. Delgado reports receiving an honorarium for participating in an Expert Roundtable on Innovations in Acute Pain Management convened by United Health Group in 2017. He has no current financial conflicts of interest. Dr. Ashburn reported receiving personal fees from the Department of Justice, the Attorney General for the State of Maryland, the Department of State for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Montgomery County District Attorney, and the Carolinas Pain Society. All remaining authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.
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