Hulme, Polly A.
Kupzyk, Kevin A.
Anthone, Gary J.
Capron, Kimberly A.
Nguyen, Thang
Article History
First Online: 6 March 2018
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: For this retrospective study, informed consent was not obtained from participants. Please see the Statement of Human and Animal Rights section for more information.
: This original manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere. The manuscript has not been published previously, in part or in full. Each of the authors contributed to maintaining the integrity of the study and this report. The first author provided consistent oversight of the work. The surgeon whose patients were used for this research played no role in data collection. No data were fabricated or manipulated. Consent to submit the manuscript was obtained from all authors of the work, as well as the institute where the study took place.
: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Permission was obtained for the study from the Institutional Review Boards of (a) the university at which the first author was affiliated at the time, and (b) the health system at which the study took place. The university classified the study as Expedited Category of Review: 45CFR46.110; 21CFR56.110, Category 5. For this type of study, formal consent is not required. All authors were CITI certified.