Wakasa, Yusuke
Hakamada, Kenichi
Morohashi, Hajime
Kanno, Takahiro
Tadano, Kotaro
Kawashima, Kenji
Ebihara, Yuma
Oki, Eiji
Hirano, Satoshi
Mori, Masaki
Article History
Received: 5 October 2023
Accepted: 1 December 2023
First Online: 11 January 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This study does not fall under the category of "life science/medical research involving human subjects" and therefore does not need to address this or provide an ethical application. Surgeons used robotic technology to operate on artificial (non-living) organs in a simulated telesurgical situation. A formal opt-out was obtained from the Hirosaki University Ethics Committee for this study, including the above details (approval number: 2022–081).
: All subjects (participating surgeons) were notified in writing about the study and gave written consent.