Kroll, Mark W. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-1716
Hail, Stacey L.
Kroll, Ryan M.
Wetli, Charles V.
Criscione, John C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Unites States Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (W911QY-08-C-0023)
Article History
Accepted: 12 July 2018
First Online: 11 August 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Authors 1, 2, and 4 have been expert witnesses in use-of-force litigation. Author 1 is a member of the scientific advisory and corporate boards of Axon Enterprises, Inc. (fka TASER Intl, Inc.).
: Institutional Review Board of Texas A&M University.
: Consent forms were obtained from all subjects before inclusion in this study. Participants were cadets from the Austin (Texas) Police Academy who had previously volunteered to undergo a CEW exposure as part of their training.