Schamberger, Lukas
Leontyev, Sergey
Davierwala, Piroze Minoo
Von Aspern, Konstantin
Lehmann, Sven
Misfeld, Martin
Borger, Michael Andrew
Article History
Received: 22 May 2019
Revised: 29 August 2019
Accepted: 1 September 2019
First Online: 14 October 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
: The local ethics committee approved the study and waived individual patient consent for retrospective review. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
: Lukas Schamberger declares that he has no conflict of interest.Sergey Leontyev receives proctoring honoraria fees from Medtronic, Abott (St. Jude Medical).Piroze M. Davierwala declares that he has no conflict of interest.Konstantin Von Aspern declares that he has no conflict of interest.Sven Lehmann receives honoraria fees from Abott (St. Jude Medical).Martin Misfeld declares that he has no conflict of interest.Michael Borger receives speakers’ honoraria/consulting fees from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abott (St. Jude Medical), and CryoLife.