Ng, Grace I.
Chen, Chiung M.
Graubard, Barry I.
Hoffman, Howard J.
Breslow, Rosalind A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-8472
Article History
Received: 12 March 2018
Accepted: 11 February 2019
First Online: 15 May 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: Data collection for NHANES is approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB). Analysis of de-identified data from the survey is exempt from federal regulations for the protection of human research participants.
: Computer programming and statistical support were provided through the Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System funded by contract HHSN275201300016C from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). The NIAAA reviewed and approved this report before submission. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NIAAA. They also do not necessarily represent the views of the RDC, the NCHS, or the CDC.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Additionally, our study did not collect data. We performed secondary analyses of NHANES restricted data previously collected by and obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Data Center (RDC). To access the data, we were required to submit a detailed proposal, which required ethical approval by the RDC.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants by NHANES. As stated by the NCHS, “Health information collected in the NHANES is kept in strictest confidence. During the informed consent process, survey participants are assured that data collected will be used only for stated purposes and will not be disclosed or released to others without the consent of the individual or the establishment in accordance with section 308(d) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242 m)”.