Hannan, C. Evan
Hackathorn, Jana http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-6771
Article History
First Online: 28 July 2020
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors. In accordance with APA policy and my ethical obligation as a researcher, I am reporting that I have no financial and/or business interests in, nor am I a consultant to any company that may be affected by the research reported in the enclosed paper.
: Through a series of studies and analyses, we developed and validated a measure of desperation. The State Desperation Scale adequately measures the emotional and motivational components of feeling desperate.