Stull, Justin D.
Mangan, John J.
Vaccaro, Alexander R.
Schroeder, Gregory D.
Article History
First Online: 29 April 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: Justin Stull and John Mangan declare that they have no conflict of interest.Gregory Schroeder has the following disclosures: Advance Medical: Paid consultant AOSpine: Other financial or material support Medtronic: Other financial or material support Medtronic Sofamor Danek: Research support Stryker: Paid consultant Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Editorial or governing board Zimmer: Paid consultant.Alex Vaccaro has the following disclosures: Advanced Spinal Intellectual Properties: Stock or stock Options Aesculap: IP royalties Atlas Spine: IP royalties; Paid consultant Avaz Surgical: Stock or stock Options Bonovo Orthopedics: Stock or stock Options Clinical Spine Surgery: Editorial or governing board Computational Biodynamics: Stock or stock Options Cytonics: Stock or stock Options DePuy, a Johnson & Johnson Company: Paid consultant Dimension Orthotics LLC: Stock or stock Options Electrocore: Stock or stock Options Elsevier: Publishing royalties, financial or material support Flagship Surgical: Stock or stock Options FlowPharma: Stock or stock Options Franklin Bioscience: Stock or stock Options Gamma Spine: Stock or stock Options Gerson Lehrman Group: Paid consultant Globus Medical: IP royalties; Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options Guidepoint Global: Paid consultant Innovative Surgical Design: Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options Insight Therapeutics: Stock or stock Options Jaypee: Publishing royalties, financial or material support Medtronic: IP royalties; Paid consultant none: Other financial or material support Nuvasive: Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options Orthobullets: Paid consultant Paradigm Spine: Stock or stock Options Parvizi Surgical Innovations: Stock or stock Options Prime Surgeons: Stock or stock Options Progressive Spinal Technologies: Stock or stock Options Replication Medica: Stock or stock Options Spine Journal: Editorial or governing board Spine Medica: Stock or stock Options SpineWave: IP royalties; Paid consultant Spinology: Stock or stock Options Stout Medical: Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options Stryker: IP royalties; Paid consultant Taylor Franics/Hodder & Stoughton: Publishing royalties, financial or material support Thieme: Publishing royalties, financial or material support Vertiflex: Stock or stock Options.
: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.