Tong, Dazhen http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-744X
Tao, Yang http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4439-375X
Zhang, Kangkang
Dong, Xinxin
Hu, Yangyang
Pan, Sudong http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-577X
Liu, Qiaoyi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-7891
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (DIA220370)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Revised: 17 October 2023
Accepted: 25 October 2023
First Online: 29 November 2023
Declarations
:
: No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors.
: As the subject of this study is ChatGPT-4, our investigation on this AI tool does not require an Ethics Committee Approval. As for the portion where we compared ChatGPT-4’s performance with students’, the student data were adapted from three previous studies, namely Li et al. (), Xing (), Xing et al. (). We have obtained permission from the copyright owners. Henceforth, the entirety of our submission does not require an Ethics Committee Approval.