Klein, Klara R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-9054
Abrahamsen, Trine J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-2623
Kahkoska, Anna R. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-101X
Alexander, G. Caleb http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-2986
Chute, Christopher G. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-2545
Haendel, Melissa http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737
Hong, Stephanie S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-1293
Mehta, Hemalkumar http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-6370
Moffitt, Richard http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2723-5902
Stürmer, Til http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-7177
Kvist, Kajsa http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8611-7215
Buse, John B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-3876
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (KL2TR002490, UM1TR004406)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG056479, K01AG070329)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL118255)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK124723)
Article History
Received: 22 January 2024
Accepted: 4 March 2024
First Online: 27 March 2024
Declarations
:
: Klara Klein has received personal compensation for consultation from Novo Nordisk. Trine Abrahamsen and Kajsa Kvist are full-time employees and stockholder of Novo Nordisk. Anna Kahkoska has received support from Novo Nordisk for travel to present data. G. Caleb Alexander is past Chair of FDA’s Peripheral and Central Nervous System Advisory Committee; has served as a paid advisor to IQVIA; is a co-founding Principal and equity holder in Monument Analytics, a healthcare consultancy whose clients include the life sciences industry as well as plaintiffs in opioid litigation; and is a member of OptumRx’s National P&T Committee. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. Melissa Haendel is a founder of Pryzm Health and is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Til Stürmer received salary support as Director of Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER), NC TraCS Institute, UNC Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1TR002489), the Center for Pharmacoepidemiology (current members: GlaxoSmithKline, UCB BioSciences, Takeda, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim), from pharmaceutical companies (Novo Nordisk), and from a contribution from Dr. Nancy A. Dreyer to the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He does not accept personal compensation of any kind from any pharmaceutical company. He owns stock in Novartis, Roche, and Novo Nordisk. John B. Buse has received grant support from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Carmot, Corcept, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Insulet, MannKind, Novo Nordisk, and vTv Therapeutics; consulting contracts from Alkahest, Altimmune, Anji, Aqua Medical Inc, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CeQur, Corcept Therapeutics, Dasman Diabetes Center (Kuwait), Eli Lilly, embecta, Fortress Biotech, GentiBio, Glyscend, Insulet, Mediflix, Medscape, Mellitus Health, Metsera, Moderna, Novo Nordisk, Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego, ReachMD, Stability Health, Tandem, Terns Inc, and Vertex; expert witness service for Medtronic MiniMed; and stock options from Glyscend, Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego, and Stability Health. Christopher G. Chute, Stephanie S Hong, Hemalkumar Mehta and Richard Moffitt have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: The N3C Data Enclave is managed under the authority of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH); information can be found at . The N3C Publication Committee confirmed that this manuscript is in accordance with N3C data use and attribution policies; however, this content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent official views of NIH or the N3C program. The protocol of this study was registered with the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) on 5 October 2020 (Number 37860), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Office of Human Research Ethics determined that the study protocol did not constitute research on human subjects. The analyses described in this publication were conducted with data or tools accessed through the NCATS N3C Data Enclave () and N3C Attribution & Publication Policy v 1.2-2020-08-25b supported by NCATS U24 TR002306 and Axle Informatics Subcontract: NCATS-P00438-B. The N3C data transfer to NCATS is performed under a Johns Hopkins University Reliance Protocol IRB00249128 or individual site agreements with NIH. This study research was possible because of the patients whose information is included within the data and the organizations () and scientists who have contributed to the ongoing development of this community resource []. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments [].