Chen, Xiao
Shi, Wei
Article History
Received: 10 September 2019
Revised: 24 February 2020
Accepted: 30 March 2020
First Online: 11 May 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
: The apiaries for honeybees sample collection were maintained by Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IAR, CAAS), Beijing, China. The sample collection was approved by the ethics committee of IAR, CAAS. Bees were humanely sacrificed as needed to prevent suffering. No specific permits were required for the described studies.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.