Gambardella, C.
Falugi, C.
Salerno, M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-828X
Neviani, M.
Paladino, O. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-7944
Article History
Received: 22 October 2019
Revised: 11 January 2020
Accepted: 21 January 2020
First Online: 25 January 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in this study involving animals (sea urchin <i>P. lividus</i>) were in accordance with European ethical standards. The type of animals involved in this research is included in the Annex III of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC on the approximation of laws, regulation and administrative provisions regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. The regulation lays down what is commonly known as the 3Rs (Reduce, Refine and Replace) approach.