Schwarzkopf, Daniel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-8202
Rose, Norman http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-205X
Fleischmann-Struzek, Carolin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-3191
Boden, Beate
Dorow, Heike
Edel, Andreas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-7223
Friedrich, Marcus
Gonnert, Falk A.
Götz, Jürgen
Gründling, Matthias
Heim, Markus http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-2494
Holbeck, Kirill
Jaschinski, Ulrich
Koch, Christian
Künzer, Christian http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-3233
Le Ngoc, Khanh
Lindau, Simone
Mehlmann, Ngoc B.
Meschede, Jan
Meybohm, Patrick http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-8696
Ouart, Dominique
Putensen, Christian
Sander, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-3609
Schewe, Jens-Christian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-0607
Schlattmann, Peter
Schmidt, Götz http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-4265
Schneider, Gerhard http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-0118
Spies, Claudia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-0495
Steinsberger, Ferdinand
Zacharowski, Kai http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0212-9110
Zinn, Sebastian http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-3828
Reinhart, Konrad
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee (01VSF17010, 01VSF17010, 01VSF17010, 01VSF17010)
Universitätsklinikum Jena
Article History
Received: 1 June 2023
Accepted: 23 August 2023
First Online: 9 September 2023
Declarations
:
: Daniel Schwarzkopf was funded for this work by grant 01VSF17010 from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee and received additional funding from this source unrelated to this work; he leads the coordinating bureau of the German Quality Network sepsis—a quality initiative to improve hospital care for sepsis—and was partly funded via this project from 2015 to 2022. Norman Rose received funding from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee unrelated to this work. Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek received funding from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee unrelated to this work. Beate Boden has no conflict of interest. Heike Dorow was funded for this work by grant 01VSF17010 from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee. The institution of Andreas Edel received payments or honoraria for lectures and expert testimony from Gilead Sciences GmbH. Andreas Edel hold shares fo BioNTech, Novavax and Bavarian Nordic (< 5000€). Marcus Friedrich has no conflict of interest. Falk A. Gonnert has no conflict of interest. Jürgen Götz has no conflict of interest. Matthias Gründling has no conflict of interest. Markus Heim has no conflict of interest. Kirill Holbeck has no conflict of interest. Ulrich Jaschinski has no conflict of interest. Christian Koch has no conflict of interest. Christian Künzer has no conflict of interest. Khanh Le Ngoc has no conflict of interest. Simone Lindau has no conflict of interest. Ngoc B. Mehlmann has no conflict of interest. Jan Meschede has no conflict of interest. Patrick Meybohm has no conflict of interest. Dominique Ouart was funded for this work by grant 01VSF17010 from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee. Christian Putensen has no conflict of interest. Michael Sander reports no COI for this work, outside this work he reports a research grant from Edwards Lifesciences and speaker fees for Edwards Lifesciences, BTG and Orion Pharma. Jens-Christian Schewe reports no COI for this work, outside this work he reports speaker fees by ZOLL Medical Germany, DRÄGER, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma GmbH. Peter Schlattmann has no conflict of interest. Götz Schmidt has no conflict of interest. Gerhard Schneider has no conflict of interest. Claudia Spies reports grants from German Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss G-BA), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Philips Electronics Nederland BV, Max-Planck Society, Sintetica GmbH, Dr. F. Köhler Chemie GmbH, Georg Thieme Verlag, German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWI), European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stifterverband (non-profit society promoting science and education), Charité inner university grants, Einstein Foundation Berlin, German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. DLR) and German Research Society (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) during the conduct of the study. In addition, Claudia Spies has different patents and an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role in association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AMWF), German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and German National Academy of Sciences–Leopoldina (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V.). Ferdinand Steinsberger has no conflict of interest. Kai Zacharowski declares that the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University received support from B. Braun Melsungen, CSL Behring, Fresenius Kabi, and Vifor Pharma for the implementation of Frankfurt’s Patient Blood management program. KZ has received honoraria for participation in advisory board meetings for Haemonetics and Vifor and received speaker fees from CSL Behring, Masimo, Pharmacosmos, Boston Scientific, Salus, iSEP, Edwards and GE Healthcare. He is the Principal Investigator of the EU-Horizon 2020 project ENVISION (Intelligent plug-and-play digital tool for real-time surveillance of COVID-19 patients and smart decision-making in Intensive Care Units) and Horizon Europe 2021 project COVend (Biomarker and AI-supported FX06 therapy to prevent progression from mild and moderate to severe stages of COVID-19). Sebastian Zinn has no conflict of interest. Konrad Reinhart received funding for this work by grant 01VSF17010 from the German Innovations Fund of the Federal Joint Committee is shareholder with less of 0.5% of InflaRx NV a Jena/Germany-based Biotech Company that evaluates a immunomodulatory approach for the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments as well as the relevant national and institutional ethical standards. It was approved by the ethics commission of the Jena University Hospital (no. 2018–1065-Daten).
: Since only routinely collected clinical data were used, the need for informed consent was waived by the ethics commission of the Jena University Hospital.