Simpson, Edward http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-9864
Reiter, Jill L. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-2355
Ren, Jie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-6262
Zhang, Zhiqi http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7214-1959
Nudelman, Kelly N. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-1717
Riggen, Larry D.
Menser, Michael D. http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4536-1925
Harezlak, Jaroslaw http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-7686
Foroud, Tatiana M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-2212
Saykin, Andrew J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-8532
Brooks, Alison
Cameron, Kenneth L.
Duma, Stefan M.
McGinty, Gerald
Rowson, Steven
Svoboda, Steven J.
Broglio, Steven P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-9325
McCrea, Michael A.
Pasquina, Paul F.
McAllister, Thomas W.
Liu, Yunlong http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-626X
Campbell, Darren
Jackson, Jonathan
Houston, Megan
Giza, Christopher
Goldman, Joshua
Guskiewicz, Kevin
Mihalik, Jason P.
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Collegiate Athletic Association
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH1420151)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002529)
National Center for Research Resources (RR020128)
Indiana University Grand Challenges Precision Health Initiative
Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium
Article History
Accepted: 8 October 2023
First Online: 8 November 2023
Declarations
:
: This publication was made possible, in part, with support from the Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium, funded, in part by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Department of Defense (DOD). The US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD 21702–5014 is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, through the Combat Casualty Care Research Program, endorsed by the Department of Defense, through the Joint Program Committee 6/ Combat Casualty Care Research Program—Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Program under Award No. W81XWH1420151. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense. Sequencing analysis was carried out in the Center for Medical Genomics at Indiana University School of Medicine, which is partially supported by the Indiana University Grand Challenges Precision Health Initiative. This project was also supported, in part, by the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by Grant Number UL1TR002529 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. Biospecimens were stored in the CTSI Specimen Storage Facility, which is supported, in part, by grant NIH/NCRR RR020128.
: Steven Broglio, Thomas McAllister, and Michael McCrea received funding from the NCAA and the Department of Defense to complete this investigation and to cover travel costs related to the study. Paul Pasquina is an employee of the Department of Defense, and has previously received other Department of Defense-related grants.
: Patient metadata and gene expression data in the form of raw counts are accessible as part of CARE 1.0 on the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Informatics System (FITBIR, fitbir.nih.gov). Raw sequence data are available on dbGap (accession number is pending). Criteria for access are determined by each of the entities hosting the data and the governance of their respective regulatory committees.
: Ethics approval was granted by the Medical College of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board #2 (PRO00023196) as a Continuing Progress Report (CPR00024178) on 10 October 2022. This study was completed following approval from respective local Institutional Review Boards and the Human Research Protection Office at the US Army Medical Research and Material Command. All study operations were in accordance with the standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Computer code is available from the authors upon request.
: Conceptualization, ES and YL; acquisition of data, AB, AJS, CG, DC, JJ, GM, JG JM, KG, KLC, MAM, MH, PFP, SJS, SMD, SPB, SR, and TWM; data curation, ES, KNN, LDR, and MDM; methodology, ES, KNN, JH, JR, and TWM; analysis and interpretation of data, ES, JH, JLR, JR, LDR, YL, and ZZ; resources, MAM, PFP, SPB, TMF, and TWM; writing—original draft, ES and JLR; writing—review and editing, AB, AJS, ES, GM, JH, JLR, JM, JR, KLC, KNN, LDR, MAM, MDM, PFP, SJS, SMD, SPB, SR, TMF, TWM, YL, and ZZ; study supervision, MAM, PFP, SB, TWM, and YL All authors read and approved the final version.