Shimizu, Takayoshi
Lenke, Lawrence G.
Cerpa, Meghan
Lehman, Ronald A. Jr
Pongmanee, Suthipas
Sielatycki, J. Alex
Article History
Received: 18 September 2018
Accepted: 1 September 2019
First Online: 24 January 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: TS (none), LGL (personal fees from Medtronic; grants and personal fees from DePuy-Synthes Spine; personal fees from K2M; nonfinancial support from Broadwater, Seattle Science Foundation, Stryker Spine, and The Spinal Research Foundation; grants and nonfinancial support from Scoliosis Research Society; grants from EOS and Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation; personal fees from Fox Rothschild, LLC, and Quality Medical Publishing; other from Evans Family Donation and Fox Family Foundation; grants and nonfinancial support from AOSpine, outside the submitted work), MC (none), RAL (other from Medtronic, Stryker, and DePuy-Synthes Spine, outside the submitted work), SP (none), JAS (none).
: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Columbia University.