Beck, Aaron
Skaggs, David L.
Kovach, Tracy
Kiehna, Erin
Andras, Lindsay M.
Article History
Received: 12 September 2018
Accepted: 25 August 2019
First Online: 11 February 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: AB (none), DLS (grants from Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America [POSNA] and Scoliosis Research Society [SRS, paid to Columbia University]; Ellipse [co–principal investigator, paid to Growing Spine Foundation (GSF)]; personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, Medtronic, Zipline Medical, Inc., Orthobullets, Grand Rounds [A Healthcare Navigation Company], and Green Sun Medical; other from Zipline Medical, Inc, Green Sun Medical, and Orthobullets; nonfinancial support from Growing Spine Study Group, SRS, and GSF; personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, Medtronic, and Johnson & Johnson; other from Medtronic, Zimmer Biomet, Wolters Kluwer Health–Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Biomet Spine, and Orthobullets [co–editor in chief], outside the submitted work), TK (none), EK (other from Pfizer, outside the submitted work), LA (personal fees from Biomet, Zimmer, Medtronic, NuVasive; other from Eli Lilly and <i>Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics</i>; personal fees from Orthobullets; other from POSNA and SRS, outside the submitted work).
: This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.