Li, Ying http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-5926
Swallow, Jennylee
Gagnier, Joel
Thompson, George H.
Sturm, Peter F.
Emans, John B.
Sponseller, Paul D.
Glotzbecker, Michael P.
,
Article History
Received: 14 February 2020
Accepted: 12 September 2020
First Online: 28 September 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Dr. Li has received a research grant and non-financial support from the Scoliosis Research Society. Dr. Thompson has received personal fees from Shriners Hospitals for Children and Wolters Kluwer, personal fees and royalties from OrthoPediatrics, and non-financial support from NuVasive and the Scoliosis Research Society. Dr. Sturm has received personal fees from Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson and NuVasive, and is a shareholder of Green Sun Medical. Dr. Emans has received personal fees from Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson and Zimmer Biomet. Dr. Sponseller has received a grant from Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson, and reports other relationships with Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson, Globus, OrthoPediatrics, and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Dr. Glotzbecker has received personal fees and non-financial support from Medtronic, Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson, Zimmer Biomet, NuVasive, and Orthobullets. The Pediatric Spine Study Group has received research grants from the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, Food and Drug Administration, Depuy Synthes/Johnson and Johnson, NuVasive, Children’s Spine Foundation, and Growing Spine Foundation. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: IRB approval, University of Michigan, HUM 00082789, 1/7/14.
: Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from the parent or legal guardian of all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The software application and code used for the statistical analysis are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.