Diong, Joanna
Lee, Hopin
Reed, Darren
Article History
Received: 26 September 2022
Accepted: 26 December 2022
First Online: 4 January 2023
Declarations
:
: The protocol was approved by the University of Sydney Human Ethics Research Committee (2021/125) in accordance with the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research, the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research, applicable legal requirements, and with University policies, procedures and governance requirements.Ethics approval was granted to access student exam marks via a waiver of consent as there was no foreseeable risk of harm, discomfort or inconvenience to participants; involvement in the research carried ‘negligible risk’, and it was impractical to obtain informed consent we required examination marks from many students, some of whom would have left the University, graduated or were about to graduate, or otherwise would not be readily accessible to the researchers.To protect participant privacy, all data were stripped of personal identifiers. While results from individual students were examined, no data point can be linked to any individual.
: We declare there are no conflicts of interest.