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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Revised: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 27 February 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The animal study was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Beijing MDKN (code: MDKN-2025-072). All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.