Ma, Wenxia
Wu, Fasi
He, Dongpeng
Gu, Ji-Dong
Chen, Yuxin
Yue, Yongqiang
Xu, Lina
Zhang, Qi
Yang, Xiaoyan
Feng, Huyuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32400082, No. 32060258)
Longyuan Young Talents Project of Gansu Province (No. 00151)
The Project of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage (No. GSWW202229)
The Open Project of Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage (No. GDW2021ZD08)
Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.