Guo, Xiuwei
Zhang, Yue
Hao, Rongrong
Zhang, Ruoyu
Cheng, Yuan
Huang, Jizhong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xidun Education Foundation
China-Portugal Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Cultural Heritage Conservation Science (SDYY2301)
Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation (Shanghai University), Ministry of Education (SCRC2024ZZ03YQ)
Science and Technology Major Special Program Project of Shanxi Province (202201150501024)
Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.