Huang, Xiaoran
Liang, Hanxiong
Wang, Yidan
Wang, Yan
Li, Daoyong
Zhang, Bo
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52208039)
Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology, Ministry of Education (1411013)
Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology, Ministry of Education (1411014)
Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.