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Authors
Hou, Chunhong
Qi, Yu
Zhang, Tuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-4402
Liu, Ya
Wu, Jingli
Li, Wenting
Li, Jiaqi
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2024
Revised: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2025
First Online: 12 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The MIMIC-IV database, a publicly available dataset, was utilized in this study. This database has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (IRB Protocol #2001P001699), with patient identities de-identified to ensure privacy and confidentiality. Consequently, the requirement for additional ethical approval and informed consent was waived for this manuscript.
