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Authors
Carey, Iain M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-8460
Harris, Tess
Chaudhry, Umar A. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-9257
DeWilde, Stephen
Limb, Elizabeth S.
Bowen, Liza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-8421
Audi, Selma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-7229
Cook, Derek G.
Whincup, Peter H.
Sattar, Naveed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-2593
Panahloo, Arshia
Critchley, Julia A.
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Revised: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Competing interests
: NS has consulted for and/or received speaker honoraria from Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Menarini-Ricerche, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, and Sanofi; and received grant support paid to his University from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics outside the submitted work.
: CPRD has NHS Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (REC) approval to allow the collection and release of anonymised primary care data for observational research (NHS HRA REC reference number: 05/MRE04/87). The protocol for this research project was approved by CPRD’s Research Data Governance (protocol number 21_000592). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patient consent for publication was not required.
