Caccioppoli, Cristina https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3366-8316
D’Oria, Rossella
Genchi, Valentina Annamaria
Palma, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-1002
Andrulli Buccheri, Valentina
Calderoni, Isabella https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8748-4911
Tedesco, Carmen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3259-7398
Colabufo, Carmela https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6028-7069
Marrano, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-6087
Biondi, Giuseppina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-9048
Chaoul, Nada
Braun, Antonio
Pezzolla, Angela
Cignarelli, Angelo
Natalicchio, Annalisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-7517
Laviola, Luigi
Giorgino, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-2678
Perrini, Sebastio
Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Revised: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Competing interests
: CC, RD, VAG, GP, VAB, IC, CT, CCo, NM, GB, NC, AB, AP declare that they have no conflicts of interests. AC reports the following: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi Aventis (honoraria). AN reports the following: AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis (honoraria). LL reports the following: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medtronic, Menarini, MOVI SpA, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis, Terumo (honoraria); Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly Italia, Medtronic, MOVI SpA, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis, Terumo (participation on Advisory Boards). FG reports the following: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care (grants); Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Biomea (consulting fees); AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis; Eli Lilly, Sanofi Aventis (support for attending meetings/travel); AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis (participation on Advisory Boards); EASD/EFSD, SocietĂ Italiana di Endocrinologia (SIE), Fo.Ri.SIE (unpaid leadership); AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis (support for medical writing and statistical analysis). SP reports the following: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis (honoraria).