Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 June 2025

Revised: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Competing interests

: In the past 36 months, CMA has participated on advisory boards for AbbVie Inc., Altimmune, Inc., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioAge, Biolinq Incorporated, Caribou Biosciences, Inc., CinFina Pharma, Inc., Covidien LP, Cowen and Company, LLC, Currax Pharmaceuticals, LLC, EPG Communication Holdings Ltd., Form Health, Inc., Fractyl Health, Inc., Keros Therapeutics, Inc., Lilly USA, LLC, L-Nutra, Inc., Mediflix Inc., NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., NodThera Limited, Novo Nordisk, Nutrisystem, OptumRx, Inc., Pain Script Corporation, Palatin Technologies, Inc., Pursuit By You, Redesign Health Inc., ReShape Lifesciences Inc., Riverview School, Roman Health Ventures Inc., Scholar Rock, Inc., Terns, Inc., Verily Life Sciences LLC, Veru Inc., Vida Health, Inc., Wave Life Sciences, WondrHealth, Xeno Biosciences and Zyversa Therapeutics, Inc. CMA has received research funding from PCORI and GI Dynamics, Inc.