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Authors
Zhu, Shuai https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4228-632X
Li, Xiaohui
Lv, Bosen https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1097-043X
Wu, Yan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4217-4887
Liu, Bixuan
Jing, Liying
Wang, Jingyi
Wang, Weijing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-7649
Sun, Yanping
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Revised: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 1 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: CHARLS was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before data collection.
