Chen, Liheng
Liao, Yushan
Li, Zehua
Yan, Jing
Liu, Peng
Sun, Yu
Jin, Wen
Cheng, Weibin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9845-6676
Guo, Jingbin https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4948-7483
Article History
Received: 22 June 2025
Revised: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: NHANES was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the National Center for Health Statistics, and all participants have provided written informed consent upon enrollment.