Hurtado-Alvarado, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-663X
Mendez-Hernandez, Rebeca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-3401
Avila-Soto, Karol Iliana
Salazar-Juárez, Alberto
Espinoza-Rojo, Mónica
Escobar, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-7875
Vázquez-Moreno, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-0488
Cruz, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-6172
Article History
Received: 5 October 2024
Revised: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The local Ethic Committee of the Mexican National Health Service (“Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social” CONBIOETICA-09-CEI-009-20160601; Approval number: R2019-785-003) granted approval for the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The children who agreed to participate signed an assent letter, and their parents or guardians provided informed consent. The present study, in which we requested the analysis of stored samples from the previously described project, was approved by the ethics committee of the Mexican National Health Service (“Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social” CONBIOETICA-09-CEI-009-20160601; Approval number: R2019-785-003). CONBIOETICA is the Research Ethics Committee of the government, an autonomous, institutional, interdisciplinary, plural, and advisory collegiate body created to evaluate and rule on research protocols involving human subjects. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.